php教程

配置文件

配置文件(php.ini)在 PHP 启动时被读取。对于服务器模块版本的 PHP,仅在 web 服务器启动时读取一次。对于 CGICLI 版本,每次调用都会读取。

php.ini 的搜索路径如下(按顺序):

  • SAPI 模块所指定的位置(Apache 2 中的 PHPIniDir 指令,CGI 和 CLI 中的 -c 命令行选项,NSAPI 中的 php_ini 参数,THTTPD 中的 PHP_INI_PATH 环境变量)。
  • PHPRC 环境变量。在 PHP 5.2.0 之前,其顺序在以下提及的注册表键值之后。
  • 自 PHP 5.2.0 起,可以为不同版本的 PHP 指定不同的 php.ini 文件位置。将以下面的顺序检查注册表目录:[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x.y.z][HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x.y][HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x],其中的 x,y 和 z 指的是 PHP 主版本号,次版本号和发行批次。如果在其中任何目录下的 IniFilePath 有键值,则第一个值将被用作 php.ini 的位置(仅适用于 windows)。
  • [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP]IniFilePath 的值(Windows 注册表位置)。
  • 当前工作目录(对于 CLI)。
  • web 服务器目录(对于 SAPI 模块)或 PHP 所在目录(Windows 下其它情况)。
  • Windows 目录(C:\windowsC:\winnt),或 --with-config-file-path 编译时选项指定的位置。

如果存在 php-SAPI.ini(SAPI 是当前所用的 SAPI 名称,因此实际文件名为 php-cli.iniphp-apache.ini 等),则会用它替代 php.ini。SAPI 的名称可以用 php_sapi_name() 来测定。

Note:

Apache web 服务器在启动时会把目录转到根目录,这将导致 PHP 尝试在根目录下读取 php.ini,如果存在的话。

Note:

php.ini 中可以使用环境变量。

由扩展库处理的 php.ini 指令,其文档分别在各扩展库的页面。内核配置选项见附录。不过也许不是所有的 PHP 指令都在手册中有文档说明。要得到自己的 PHP 版本中的配置指令完整列表,请阅读 php.ini 文件,其中都有注释。此外,也许从 Git 得到的» 最新版 php.ini 也有帮助。

Example #1 php.ini 例子

; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored
[php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored
; Boolean values can be set to either:
;    true, on, yes
; or false, off, no, none
register_globals = off
track_errors = yes

; you can enclose strings in double-quotes
include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php"

; backslashes are treated the same as any other character
include_path = ".;c:\php\lib"

自 PHP 5.1.0 起,有可能在 .ini 文件内引用已存在的 .ini 变量。例如:open_basedir = ${open_basedir} ":/new/dir"

User Contributed Notes

david amick 11-Dec-2016 07:02
example #2 says "[php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored" - yet if you remove these 'section markers' everything breaks, - which means they're *not* ignored.
ohcc at 163 dot com 03-Sep-2016 05:06
in php.ini you can reference to an existing directive or an environment variable using the syntax ${varname}.

Here are some examples.

sys_temp_dir = "${WINDIR}"

--- ${WINDIR} will be replaced by $_ENV['WINDIR'] at runtime

--- you can set environment variables by Apache and use them in php.ini
--- FcgidInitialEnv AUTHOR "WUXIANCHENG"
--- error_log = "${AUTHOR}.log"

error_log = "${sys_temp_dir}"

--- ${sys_temp_dir} will be replace by the value of sys_temp_dir

Also you can use PHP constants in php.ini, but DONT'T wrap them in ${} or "".

error_log = "/data/"PHP_VERSION"/"

---  it works like this php code:

$error_log =  "/data/" . PHP_VERSION . "/";
edgardoboj at hotmail dot com 14-Jul-2015 12:48
If you have multiple installations of PHP, and "php --ini" keeps loading the same configuration file for every version instead of the configuration file on the installation path, it might be worthy to check the windows registry.

I found a key on "HEKY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTEARE\Wow6432Node\PHP\IniFilePath" that override any installation, which cause "php --ini" to crash stating a version mismatch with the extensions being loaded.

Deleting the key "HEKY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTEARE\Wow6432Node\PHP" solved the problem.

I guess the key was created with a windows installer for IIS on FastCGI, but just guessing.

For the record, some of the errors thrown are:
"The procedure entry point php_sys_stat could not be located in the dynamic link library php5.dll. "
"The procedure entry point php_checkuid could not be located in the dynamic link library php5.dll. "

Hope someone with such a mess will find this useful.
Nacho Esviza - ignacio at esviza dot com 25-Aug-2014 04:06
This solution works for me when I needed to force two diferent versions of PHP on a Windows Server 2012 r2 & IIS:

For one application, map *.php extension to a CgiModule adding the "-c" option to the executable path, like this: "C:\php53\php-cgi.exe -c C:\php53\php.ini"

For the other application, map *.php extension to a CgiModule adding the "-c" option to the executable path, like this: "C:\php54\php-cgi.exe -c C:\php54\php.ini"

I think that way is the cleanest, because there is no need to work with PATH variable or Registry or Windows directory.

Note: for some reason, this didn't work on FastCGI module, related to the way that IIS set the executable tab not allowing command line options.
pajoye at php dot net 06-Aug-2014 12:04
Also a nice feature is the ability to use PHP's contants:
For example:
extension_dir=""PHP_MAJOR_VERSION"."PHP_MINOR_VERSION"/ext"

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