php教程

mb_check_encoding

(PHP 4 >= 4.4.3, PHP 5 >= 5.1.3, PHP 7)

mb_check_encoding — 检查字符串在指定的编码里是否有效

说明

mb_check_encoding ([ string $var = NULL [, string $encoding = mb_internal_encoding() ]] ) : bool

检查指定的字节流在指定的编码里是否有效。它能有效避免所谓的"无效编码攻击（Invalid Encoding Attack）"。

参数

var

要检查的字节流。如果省略了这个参数，此函数会检查所有来自最初请求所有的输入。

encoding

期望的编码。

返回值

成功时返回 TRUE， 或者在失败时返回 FALSE。

User Contributed Notes

dorbah NOSPAM at rambler [dot] ru 29-Jun-2018 10:30
For useful function added by jbricci at ya-right dot com

<?php
function checkEncoding ( $string, $string_encoding )
{
    $fs = $string_encoding == 'UTF-8' ? 'UTF-32' : $string_encoding;
    $ts = $string_encoding == 'UTF-32' ? 'UTF-8' : $string_encoding;

    return $string === mb_convert_encoding ( mb_convert_encoding ( $string, $fs, $ts ), $ts, $fs );
}
?>

I've made a function that is guessing the codepage:
<?php
function detectEncoding($string)
{
    $arr_encodings = [
        'CP1251',
        'UCS-2LE',
        'UCS-2BE',
        'UTF-8',
        'UTF-16',
        'UTF-16BE',
        'UTF-16LE',
        'CP866',
    ];

    foreach($arr_encodings as $encoding){
        if (checkEncoding($string, $encoding)){
            return $encoding;
        }
    }
   
    return false;
}
?>
Riikka K 05-May-2014 02:37
To get more information about how this function validates UTF-8, I ran some tests on PHP 5.5.10, PHP 5.4.24 and PHP 5.3.28. It seems that the function detects valid and invalid byte sequences correctly according to UTF-8 and the Unicode specifications, except for one issue:

in PHP 5.3.28, the function allows code points above U+10FFFF, which also allows five and six byte sequences. The later versions have corrected this issue.

Other than that, each version works correctly. Overlong encodings, surrogates, any lone bytes above 0x80 and too short byte sequences are all considered invalid. All valid code points in Unicode are considered valid when encoded with correct number of bytes (including Astral planes, i.e. four byte squences below U+10FFFF).

mb_detect_encoding() provided similar results with strict parameter enabled (except for PHP 5.3.28, in which it performed worse than mb_check_encoding())
eyecatchup at gmail dot com 17-Dec-2013 06:18
Unlike other comments suggest, there's no need to serialize a string to use preg_match's "u" modifier for testing if a string is valid UTF-8. You can just use
<?php
function is_utf8($str) {
    return (bool) preg_match('//u', $str);
}
Stefan W 30-Jul-2013 11:45
Note that the algorithm in javalc6's comment checks UTF-8 compliance by the letter of the specs.

This means that overlong byte sequences will pass. For example: 0xC0 0xAF can be used to encode U+002F, the slash character. While legal, this character is more properly encoded as 0x2F. Overlong sequences are unnecessary and should be avoided; they have been - and still are - used in various attacks (like directory traversal attacks).

It also means that high Unicode characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane will pass; this means characters above U+FFFF, composed of 4+ bytes (hieroglyhps, cuneiform, etc). You need to decide if you want those characters or not. If you do, be aware that they often cause compatibility problems (for example with JSON and some databases).

mb_check_encoding(), mb_detect_encoding(x, y, TRUE), and the other comments up to now all reject characters outside the BMP and overlong sequences.
CertaiN 19-Jul-2013 08:13
For supporting non-scalar variables,

<?php
function validate_utf8($input) {
    return (bool)preg_match('//u', serialize($input));
}
CertaiN 19-Jul-2013 08:07
The best way to validate UTF-8 sequence.
This works for not only scalar, but also array and object recursively.

<?php

function is_valid_utf8($text) {
    return (bool)preg_match('//u', serialize($text));
}

?>
javalc6 at gmail dot com 24-Dec-2009 04:52
In order to check if a string is encoded correctly in utf-8, I suggest the following function, that implements the RFC3629 better than mb_check_encoding():

<?php
function check_utf8($str) {
    $len = strlen($str);
    for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++){
        $c = ord($str[$i]);
        if ($c > 128) {
            if (($c > 247)) return false;
            elseif ($c > 239) $bytes = 4;
            elseif ($c > 223) $bytes = 3;
            elseif ($c > 191) $bytes = 2;
            else return false;
            if (($i + $bytes) > $len) return false;
            while ($bytes > 1) {
                $i++;
                $b = ord($str[$i]);
                if ($b < 128 || $b > 191) return false;
                $bytes--;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
} // end of check_utf8
?>
jbricci at ya-right dot com 01-Mar-2009 06:52
This function does not check for bad byte sequence(s), it only checks if the byte stream is valid. If you want to verify a encoded string is valid, (IE: does not contain any bad byte sequences do the following...

<?php

/* check a strings encoded value */

function checkEncoding ( $string, $string_encoding )
{
    $fs = $string_encoding == 'UTF-8' ? 'UTF-32' : $string_encoding;

    $ts = $string_encoding == 'UTF-32' ? 'UTF-8' : $string_encoding;

    return $string === mb_convert_encoding ( mb_convert_encoding ( $string, $fs, $ts ), $ts, $fs );
}

/* test 1 variables */

$string = "\x00\x81";

$encoding = "Shift_JIS";

/* test 1 mb_check_encoding (test for bad byte stream) */

if ( true === mb_check_encoding ( $string, $encoding ) )
{
    echo 'valid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte stream!<br />';
}
else
{
    echo 'invalid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte stream!<br />';
}

/* test 1 checkEncoding (test for bad byte sequence(s)) */

if ( true === checkEncoding ( $string, $encoding ) )
{
    echo 'valid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte sequence!<br />';
}
else
{
    echo 'invalid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte sequence!<br />';
}

/* test 2 */

/* test 2 variables */

$string = "\x00\xE3";

$encoding = "UTF-8";

/* test 2 mb_check_encoding (test for bad byte stream) */

if ( true === mb_check_encoding ( $string, $encoding ) )
{
    echo 'valid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte stream!<br />';
}
else
{
    echo 'invalid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte stream!<br />';
}

/* test 2 checkEncoding (test for bad byte sequence(s)) */

if ( true === checkEncoding ( $string, $encoding ) )
{
    echo 'valid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte sequence!<br />';
}
else
{
    echo 'invalid (' . $encoding . ') encoded byte sequence!<br />';
}

?>

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