php教程

mb_detect_encoding

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5, PHP 7)

mb_detect_encoding检测字符的编码

说明

mb_detect_encoding ( string $str [, mixed $encoding_list = mb_detect_order() [, bool $strict = false ]] ) : string

检测字符串 str 的编码。

参数

str

待检查的字符串

encoding_list

encoding_list 是一个字符编码列表。 编码顺序可以由数组或者逗号分隔的列表字符串指定。

如果省略了 encoding_list 将会使用 detect_order。

strict

strict 指定了是否严格地检测编码。 默认是 FALSE

返回值

检测到的字符编码,或者无法检测指定字符串的编码时返回 FALSE

范例

Example #1 mb_detect_encoding() 例子

<?php
/* 使用当前的 detect_order 来检测字符编码 */
echo mb_detect_encoding($str);

/* "auto" 将根据 mbstring.language 来扩展 */
echo mb_detect_encoding($str"auto");

/* 通过逗号分隔的列表来指定编码列表 encoding_list */
echo mb_detect_encoding($str"JIS, eucjp-win, sjis-win");

/* 使用数组来指定编码列表 encoding_list  */
$ary[] = "ASCII";
$ary[] = "JIS";
$ary[] = "EUC-JP";
echo 
mb_detect_encoding($str$ary);
?>

参见

User Contributed Notes

recentUser at example dot com 28-Mar-2018 07:17
In my environment (PHP 7.1.12),
"mb_detect_encoding()" doesn't work
     where "mb_detect_order()" is not set appropriately.

To enable "mb_detect_encoding()" to work in such a case,
     simply put "mb_detect_order('...')"
     before "mb_detect_encoding()" in your script file.

Both
     "ini_set('mbstring.language', '...');"
     and
     "ini_set('mbstring.detect_order', '...');"
DON'T work in script files for this purpose
whereas setting them in PHP.INI file may work.
lotushzy at gmail dot com 04-Jan-2018 12:18
About function mb_detect_encoding, the link http://php.net/manual/zh/function.mb-detect-encoding.php , like this:
mb_detect_encoding('áéóú', 'UTF-8', true); // false
but now the result is not false, can you give me reason, thanks!
garbage at iglou dot eu 30-Mar-2017 01:11
For detect UTF-8, you can use:

if (preg_match('!!u', $str)) { echo 'utf-8'; }

- Norihiori
lexonight at yahoo dot com 06-Nov-2016 12:54
<?php
$file
= file_get_contents("somefile.txt");
$encodings = implode(',', mb_list_encodings());
echo
mb_detect_encoding($file, $encodings, true);
?>
seems to work
emoebel at web dot de 25-Dec-2013 09:29
if the  function " mb_detect_encoding" does not exist  ...

... try:

<?php
// ----------------------------------------------------
if ( !function_exists('mb_detect_encoding') ) {

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
function mb_detect_encoding ($string, $enc=null, $ret=null) {
      
        static
$enclist = array(
           
'UTF-8', 'ASCII',
           
'ISO-8859-1', 'ISO-8859-2', 'ISO-8859-3', 'ISO-8859-4', 'ISO-8859-5',
           
'ISO-8859-6', 'ISO-8859-7', 'ISO-8859-8', 'ISO-8859-9', 'ISO-8859-10',
           
'ISO-8859-13', 'ISO-8859-14', 'ISO-8859-15', 'ISO-8859-16',
           
'Windows-1251', 'Windows-1252', 'Windows-1254',
            );
       
       
$result = false;
       
        foreach (
$enclist as $item) {
           
$sample = iconv($item, $item, $string);
            if (
md5($sample) == md5($string)) {
                if (
$ret === NULL) { $result = $item; } else { $result = true; }
                break;
            }
        }
       
    return
$result;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

}
// ----------------------------------------------------
?>

example / usage of: mb_detect_encoding()

<?php
// ------------------------------------------------------
function str_to_utf8 ($str) {
   
    if (
mb_detect_encoding($str, 'UTF-8', true) === false) {
   
$str = utf8_encode($str);
    }

    return
$str;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
?>

$txtstr = str_to_utf8($txtstr);
Anonymous 08-Oct-2013 09:17
// -----------------------------------------------------------

if(!function_exists('mb_detect_encoding')) {

function mb_detect_encoding($string, $enc=null, $ret=true) {
    $out=$enc;
    static $list = array('utf-8', 'iso-8859-1', 'iso-8859-15', 'windows-1251');
        foreach ($list as $item) {
            $sample = iconv($item, $item, $string);
            if (md5($sample) == md5($string)) { $out = ($ret !== false) ? true : $item; }
        }
    return $out;
}

}

// -----------------------------------------------------------
eyecatchup at gmail dot com 11-Jun-2013 10:41
Just a note: Instead of using the often recommended (rather complex) regular expression by W3C (http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php), you can simply use the 'u' modifier to test a string for UTF-8 validity:

<?php
 
if (preg_match("//u", $string)) {
     
// $string is valid UTF-8
 
}
bmrkbyet at web dot de 24-Mar-2013 02:04
a) if the FUNCTION mb_detect_encoding is not available:

### mb_detect_encoding ... iconv ###

<?php
// -------------------------------------------

if(!function_exists('mb_detect_encoding')) {
function
mb_detect_encoding($string, $enc=null) {
   
    static
$list = array('utf-8', 'iso-8859-1', 'windows-1251');
   
    foreach (
$list as $item) {
       
$sample = iconv($item, $item, $string);
        if (
md5($sample) == md5($string)) {
            if (
$enc == $item) { return true; }    else { return $item; }
        }
    }
    return
null;
}
}

// -------------------------------------------
?>

b) if the FUNCTION mb_convert_encoding is not available:

### mb_convert_encoding ... iconv ###

<?php
// -------------------------------------------

if(!function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
function
mb_convert_encoding($string, $target_encoding, $source_encoding) {
   
$string = iconv($source_encoding, $target_encoding, $string);
    return
$string;
}
}

// -------------------------------------------
?>
Gerg Tisza 18-Feb-2011 03:43
If you try to use mb_detect_encoding to detect whether a string is valid UTF-8, use the strict mode, it is pretty worthless otherwise.

<?php
    $str
= 'áéóú'; // ISO-8859-1
   
mb_detect_encoding($str, 'UTF-8'); // 'UTF-8'
   
mb_detect_encoding($str, 'UTF-8', true); // false
?>
nat3738 at gmail dot com 22-May-2009 03:58
A simple way to detect UTF-8/16/32 of file by its BOM (not work with string or file without BOM)

<?php
// Unicode BOM is U+FEFF, but after encoded, it will look like this.
define ('UTF32_BIG_ENDIAN_BOM'   , chr(0x00) . chr(0x00) . chr(0xFE) . chr(0xFF));
define ('UTF32_LITTLE_ENDIAN_BOM', chr(0xFF) . chr(0xFE) . chr(0x00) . chr(0x00));
define ('UTF16_BIG_ENDIAN_BOM'   , chr(0xFE) . chr(0xFF));
define ('UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN_BOM', chr(0xFF) . chr(0xFE));
define ('UTF8_BOM'               , chr(0xEF) . chr(0xBB) . chr(0xBF));

function
detect_utf_encoding($filename) {

   
$text = file_get_contents($filename);
   
$first2 = substr($text, 0, 2);
   
$first3 = substr($text, 0, 3);
   
$first4 = substr($text, 0, 3);
   
    if (
$first3 == UTF8_BOM) return 'UTF-8';
    elseif (
$first4 == UTF32_BIG_ENDIAN_BOM) return 'UTF-32BE';
    elseif (
$first4 == UTF32_LITTLE_ENDIAN_BOM) return 'UTF-32LE';
    elseif (
$first2 == UTF16_BIG_ENDIAN_BOM) return 'UTF-16BE';
    elseif (
$first2 == UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN_BOM) return 'UTF-16LE';
}
?>
prgss at bk dot ru 30-Mar-2009 02:16
Another light way to detect character encoding:
<?php
function detect_encoding($string) { 
  static
$list = array('utf-8', 'windows-1251');
 
  foreach (
$list as $item) {
   
$sample = iconv($item, $item, $string);
    if (
md5($sample) == md5($string))
      return
$item;
  }
  return
null;
}
?>
matthijs at ischen dot nl 28-Mar-2009 10:33
I seriously underestimated the importance of setlocale...
<?php
$strings
= array(
   
"mais coisas a pensar sobre diário ou dois!",
   
"plus de choses à penser à journalier ou à deux !",
   
"?más cosas a pensar en diario o dos!",
   
"più cose da pensare circa giornaliere o due!",
   
"flere ting ? tenke p? hver dag eller to!",
   
"Dal?í věcí, p?emy?let o ka?dy den nebo dva!",
   
"mehr über Spa? sp?t sch?nen",
   
"m? von? gjat? fun bukur",
   
"t?bb mint szórakozás kés? csodálatos kenyér"
);

$convert = array();
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'de_DE.UTF-8');
foreach(
$strings as $string )
       
$convert[] = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $string);
?>

Produces the following:

Array
(
    [0] => mais coisas a pensar sobre diario ou dois!
    [1] => plus de choses a penser a journalier ou a deux !
    [2] => ?mas cosas a pensar en diario o dos!
    [3] => piu cose da pensare circa giornaliere o due!
    [4] => flere ting aa tenke paa hver dag eller to!
    [5] => Dalsi veci, premyslet o kazdy den nebo dva!
    [6] => mehr ueber Spass spaet schoenen
    [7] => me vone gjate fun bukur
    [8] => toebb mint szorakozas keso csodalatos kenyer
)

whereas

<?php
$convert
= array();
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'nl_NL.UTF-8');
foreach(
$strings as $string )
       
$convert[] = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $string);
?>

produces:
Array
(
    [0] => mais coisas a pensar sobre di?rio ou dois!
    [1] => plus de choses ? penser ? journalier ou ? deux !
    [2] => ?m?s cosas a pensar en diario o dos!
    [3] => pi? cose da pensare circa giornaliere o due!
    [4] => flere ting ? tenke p? hver dag eller to!
    [5] => Dal?? v?c?, p?em??let o ka?d? den nebo dva!
    [6] => mehr ?ber Spass sp?t sch?nen
    [7] => m? von? gjat? fun bukur
    [8] => t?bb mint sz?rakoz?s k?s? csod?latos keny?r
)

This might be of interest when trying to convert utf-8 strings into ASCII suitable for URL's, and such. this was never obvious for me since I've used locales for us and nl.
dennis at nikolaenko dot ru 06-Oct-2008 09:18
Beware of bug to detect Russian encodings
http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=38138
hmdker at gmail dot com 23-Aug-2008 09:58
Function to detect UTF-8, when mb_detect_encoding is not available it may be useful.

<?php
function is_utf8($str) {
   
$c=0; $b=0;
   
$bits=0;
   
$len=strlen($str);
    for(
$i=0; $i<$len; $i++){
       
$c=ord($str[$i]);
        if(
$c > 128){
            if((
$c >= 254)) return false;
            elseif(
$c >= 252) $bits=6;
            elseif(
$c >= 248) $bits=5;
            elseif(
$c >= 240) $bits=4;
            elseif(
$c >= 224) $bits=3;
            elseif(
$c >= 192) $bits=2;
            else return
false;
            if((
$i+$bits) > $len) return false;
            while(
$bits > 1){
               
$i++;
               
$b=ord($str[$i]);
                if(
$b < 128 || $b > 191) return false;
               
$bits--;
            }
        }
    }
    return
true;
}
?>
yaqy at qq dot com 20-Jul-2008 10:14
<?php
/*
*QQ: 290359552
* conver to Utf8 if $str is not equals to 'UTF-8'
*/
function convToUtf8($str)
{
if(
mb_detect_encoding($str,"UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, GBK")!="UTF-8" )
{

return 
iconv("gbk","utf-8",$str);

}
else
{
return
$str;
}

}
?>
rl at itfigures dot nl 04-Sep-2007 02:00
I used Chris's function "detectUTF8" to detect the need from conversion from utf8 to 8859-1, which works fine. I did have a problem with the following iconv-conversion.

The problem is that the iconv-conversion to 8859-1 (with //TRANSLIT) replaces the euro-sign with EUR, although it is common practice  that \x80 is used as the euro-sign in the 8859-1 charset.

I could not use 8859-15 since that mangled some other characters, so I added 2 str_replace's:

if(detectUTF8($str)){
  $str=str_replace("\xE2\x82\xAC","&euro;",$str);
  $str=iconv("UTF-8","ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT",$str);
  $str=str_replace("&euro;","\x80",$str);
}

If html-output is needed the last line is not necessary (and even unwanted).
sunggsun 15-Aug-2006 12:26
from PHPDIG

    function isUTF8($str) {
        if ($str === mb_convert_encoding(mb_convert_encoding($str, "UTF-32", "UTF-8"), "UTF-8", "UTF-32")) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
chris AT w3style.co DOT uk 03-Aug-2006 02:22
Based upon that snippet below using preg_match() I needed something faster and less specific.  That function works and is brilliant but it scans the entire strings and checks that it conforms to UTF-8.  I wanted something purely to check if a string contains UTF-8 characters so that I could switch character encoding from iso-8859-1 to utf-8.

I modified the pattern to only look for non-ascii multibyte sequences in the UTF-8 range and also to stop once it finds at least one multibytes string.  This is quite a lot faster.

<?php

function detectUTF8($string)
{
        return
preg_match('%(?:
        [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]        # non-overlong 2-byte
        |\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]               # excluding overlongs
        |[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}      # straight 3-byte
        |\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]               # excluding surrogates
        |\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}    # planes 1-3
        |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}                  # planes 4-15
        |\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}    # plane 16
        )+%xs'
, $string);
}

?>
telemach 27-Jul-2005 06:48
beware : even if you need to distinguish between UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1, and you the following detection order (as chrigu suggests)

mb_detect_encoding('accentu?e' , 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1')

returns ISO-8859-1, while

mb_detect_encoding('accentu?' , 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1')

returns UTF-8

bottom line : an ending '?' (and probably other accentuated chars) mislead mb_detect_encoding
Chrigu 29-Mar-2005 07:32
If you need to distinguish between UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1 encoding, list UTF-8 first in your encoding_list:
mb_detect_encoding($string, 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1');

if you list ISO-8859-1 first, mb_detect_encoding() will always return ISO-8859-1.
php-note-2005 at ryandesign dot com 17-Feb-2005 07:57
Much simpler UTF-8-ness checker using a regular expression created by the W3C:

<?php

// Returns true if $string is valid UTF-8 and false otherwise.
function is_utf8($string) {
   
   
// From http://w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.html
   
return preg_match('%^(?:
          [\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]            # ASCII
        | [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]             # non-overlong 2-byte
        |  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
        | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
        |  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
        |  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
        | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
        |  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
    )*$%xs'
, $string);
   
}
// function is_utf8

?>
jaaks at playtech dot com 14-Jan-2005 12:27
Last example for verifying UTF-8 has one little bug. If 10xxxxxx byte occurs alone i.e. not in multibyte char, then it is accepted although it is against UTF-8 rules. Make following replacement to repair it.

Replace
         } // goto next char
with
         } else {
           return false; // 10xxxxxx occuring alone
         } // goto next char
maarten 12-Jan-2005 03:55
Sometimes mb_detect_string is not what you need. When using pdflib for example you want to VERIFY the correctness of utf-8. mb_detect_encoding reports some iso-8859-1 encoded text as utf-8.
To verify utf 8 use the following:

//
//    utf8 encoding validation developed based on Wikipedia entry at:
//    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
//
//    Implemented as a recursive descent parser based on a simple state machine
//    copyright 2005 Maarten Meijer
//
//    This cries out for a C-implementation to be included in PHP core
//
    function valid_1byte($char) {
        if(!is_int($char)) return false;
        return ($char & 0x80) == 0x00;
    }
   
    function valid_2byte($char) {
        if(!is_int($char)) return false;
        return ($char & 0xE0) == 0xC0;
    }

    function valid_3byte($char) {
        if(!is_int($char)) return false;
        return ($char & 0xF0) == 0xE0;
    }

    function valid_4byte($char) {
        if(!is_int($char)) return false;
        return ($char & 0xF8) == 0xF0;
    }
   
    function valid_nextbyte($char) {
        if(!is_int($char)) return false;
        return ($char & 0xC0) == 0x80;
    }
   
    function valid_utf8($string) {
        $len = strlen($string);
        $i = 0;   
        while( $i < $len ) {
            $char = ord(substr($string, $i++, 1));
            if(valid_1byte($char)) {    // continue
                continue;
            } else if(valid_2byte($char)) { // check 1 byte
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
            } else if(valid_3byte($char)) { // check 2 bytes
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
            } else if(valid_4byte($char)) { // check 3 bytes
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
                if(!valid_nextbyte(ord(substr($string, $i++, 1))))
                    return false;
            } // goto next char
        }
        return true; // done
    }

for a drawing of the statemachine see: http://www.xs4all.nl/~mjmeijer/unicode.png and http://www.xs4all.nl/~mjmeijer/unicode2.png

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