if unavailable use this with core functions... maybe not as secure and optimized (any help?), but practical
<?php
$bytes = '';
while (strlen($bytes) < $lenght)
$bytes .= chr(mt_rand(0, 255));
?>
(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7)
openssl_random_pseudo_bytes — 生成一个伪随机字节串
$length
[, bool &$crypto_strong
] ) : string
生成一个伪随机字节串 string ，字节数由 length 参数指定。
通过 crypto_strong 参数可以表示在生成随机字节的过程中是否使用了强加密算法。返回值为FALSE的情况很少见，但已损坏或老化的有些系统上会出现。
length所需字节串的长度，必须为正整数。PHP会试着将该参数转换为非空整数来使用它。
crypto_strong
如果传递到该函数中，将会保存为一个 boolean 值来表明是否使用了"强加密"，如果被用于GPG和密码之类的将返回TRUE , 否则返回 FALSE
成功，返回生成的字节串 string ， 或者在失败时返回 FALSE.
Example #1 openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() 范例：
<?php
for ($i = -1; $i <= 4; $i++) {
$bytes = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($i, $cstrong);
$hex = bin2hex($bytes);
echo "Lengths: Bytes: $i and Hex: " . strlen($hex) . PHP_EOL;
var_dump($hex);
var_dump($cstrong);
echo PHP_EOL;
}
?>
以上例程的输出类似于：
Lengths: Bytes: -1 and Hex: 0 string(0) "" NULL Lengths: Bytes: 0 and Hex: 0 string(0) "" NULL Lengths: Bytes: 1 and Hex: 2 string(2) "42" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 2 and Hex: 4 string(4) "dc6e" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 3 and Hex: 6 string(6) "288591" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 4 and Hex: 8 string(8) "ab86d144" bool(true)
if unavailable use this with core functions... maybe not as secure and optimized (any help?), but practical
<?php
$bytes = '';
while (strlen($bytes) < $lenght)
$bytes .= chr(mt_rand(0, 255));
?>
After the fix of insecure number generation here:
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2015-8867
This function as well as the text here needs an update. I believe this function is safe to use in FIPS compliant apps as well as it now used RAND_bytes instead of the insecure RAND_pseudo_bytes().
Why does bin2hex return twice as many characters as bytes?
[Editor's note: the bug has been fixed as of PHP 5.4.44, 5.5.28 and PHP 5.6.12]
Until PHP 5.6 openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() did NOT use a "cryptographically strong algorithm"!
See bug report https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=70014 and the corresponding source code at https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/php-5.6.10/ext/openssl/openssl.c#L5408
Here's an example to show the distribution of random numbers as an image. Credit to Hayley Watson at the mt_rand page for the original comparison between rand and mt_rand.
rand is red, mt_rand is green and openssl_random_pseudo_bytes is blue.
NOTE: This is only a basic representation of the distribution of the data. Has nothing to do with the strength of the algorithms or their reliability.
<?php
header("Content-type: image/png");
$sizex=800;
$sizey=800;
$img = imagecreatetruecolor(3 * $sizex,$sizey);
$r = imagecolorallocate($img,255, 0, 0);
$g = imagecolorallocate($img,0, 255, 0);
$b = imagecolorallocate($img,0, 0, 255);
imagefilledrectangle($img, 0, 0, 3 * $sizex, $sizey, imagecolorallocate($img, 255, 255, 255));
$p = 0;
for($i=0; $i < 100000; $i++) {
$np = rand(0,$sizex);
imagesetpixel($img, $p, $np, $r);
$p = $np;
}
$p = 0;
for($i=0; $i < 100000; $i++) {
$np = mt_rand(0,$sizex);
imagesetpixel($img, $p + $sizex, $np, $g);
$p = $np;
}
$p = 0;
for($i=0; $i < 100000; $i++) {
$np = floor($sizex*(hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(4)))/0xffffffff));
imagesetpixel($img, $p + (2*$sizex), $np, $b);
$p = $np;
}
imagepng($img);
imagedestroy($img);
?>
Another way to get random 32bit ints:
function myRand($max){
do{
$result = floor($max*(hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(4)))/0xffffffff));
}while($result == $max);
return $result;
}
Another replacement for rand() using OpenSSL.
Note that a solution where the result is truncated using the modulo operator ( % ) is not cryptographically secure, as the generated numbers are not equally distributed, i.e. some numbers may occur more often than others.
A better solution than using the modulo operator is to drop the result if it is too large and generate a new one.
<?php
function crypto_rand_secure($min, $max) {
$range = $max - $min;
if ($range == 0) return $min; // not so random...
$log = log($range, 2);
$bytes = (int) ($log / 8) + 1; // length in bytes
$bits = (int) $log + 1; // length in bits
$filter = (int) (1 << $bits) - 1; // set all lower bits to 1
do {
$rnd = hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($bytes, $s)));
$rnd = $rnd & $filter; // discard irrelevant bits
} while ($rnd >= $range);
return $min + $rnd;
}
?>
Remember to request at very least 8 bytes of entropy, ideally 32 or 64, to avoid possible theorical bruteforce attacks.
FYI, openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() can be incredibly slow under Windows, to the point of being unusable. It frequently times out (>30 seconds execution time) on several Windows machines of mine.
Apparently, it's a known problem with OpenSSL (not PHP specifically).
See: http://www.google.com/search?q=openssl_random_pseudo_bytes+slow
If you don't have this function but you do have OpenSSL installed, you can always fake it:
<?php
function openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length) {
$length_n = (int) $length; // shell injection is no fun
$handle = popen("/usr/bin/openssl rand $length_n", "r");
$data = stream_get_contents($handle);
pclose($handle);
return $data;
}
?>