php教程

pg_prepare

(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7)

pg_prepare Submits a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, and waits for completion

说明

pg_prepare ([ resource $connection ], string $stmtname , string $query ) : resource

pg_prepare() creates a prepared statement for later execution with pg_execute() or pg_send_execute(). This feature allows commands that will be used repeatedly to be parsed and planned just once, rather than each time they are executed. pg_prepare() is supported only against PostgreSQL 7.4 or higher connections; it will fail when using earlier versions.

The function creates a prepared statement named stmtname from the query string, which must contain a single SQL command. stmtname may be "" to create an unnamed statement, in which case any pre-existing unnamed statement is automatically replaced; otherwise it is an error if the statement name is already defined in the current session. If any parameters are used, they are referred to in the query as $1, $2, etc.

Prepared statements for use with pg_prepare() can also be created by executing SQL PREPARE statements. (But pg_prepare() is more flexible since it does not require parameter types to be pre-specified.) Also, although there is no PHP function for deleting a prepared statement, the SQL DEALLOCATE statement can be used for that purpose.

参数

connection

PostgreSQL database connection resource. When connection is not present, the default connection is used. The default connection is the last connection made by pg_connect() or pg_pconnect().

stmtname

The name to give the prepared statement. Must be unique per-connection. If "" is specified, then an unnamed statement is created, overwriting any previously defined unnamed statement.

query

The parameterized SQL statement. Must contain only a single statement. (multiple statements separated by semi-colons are not allowed.) If any parameters are used, they are referred to as $1, $2, etc.

返回值

A query result resource on success 或者在失败时返回 FALSE.

范例

Example #1 Using pg_prepare()

<?php
// Connect to a database named "mary"
$dbconn pg_connect("dbname=mary");

// Prepare a query for execution
$result pg_prepare($dbconn"my_query"'SELECT * FROM shops WHERE name = $1');

// Execute the prepared query.  Note that it is not necessary to escape
// the string "Joe's Widgets" in any way
$result pg_execute($dbconn"my_query", array("Joe's Widgets"));

// Execute the same prepared query, this time with a different parameter
$result pg_execute($dbconn"my_query", array("Clothes Clothes Clothes"));

?>

参见

  • pg_execute() - Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, and waits for the result
  • pg_send_execute() - Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, without waiting for the result(s)

User Contributed Notes

geompse at gmail dot com 09-Apr-2012 11:04
The given name cannot be the statement itself.
It has a maximum length and will truncate.

If two queries begin the same way, only the first one will be used.
andy at petdance dot com 28-Dec-2007 07:57
Any error in the prepare is available from pg_last_error().
mike at musskopf dot com 26-Sep-2007 02:14
I had some problems with this function. When you use pg_prepare() with a function like date_trunc('day', $1) you need to specify the data type.

The solution was use the Pear MDB2 but with some changes in code. The original code try to use pg_prepare() too, with errors.
rodrigo at fabricadeideias dot com 07-Nov-2006 04:05
If you decide to deallocate (unprepare) a previously prepared sql command it might be better to quote the sql name as in

  DEALLOCATE "theNameOfMySQL"

instead of (the more natural)

  DEALLOCATE theNameOfMySQL

PostgerSQL preserves the case of your identifiers if, and only if, you quote them. The pg_prepare function preserves the case of the sql name you use.

A complete example would be

  $sql = 'SELECT * FROM user WHERE cod_user = $1';
  $sqlName = 'selectUserByCode';
  if (!pg_prepare ($sqlName, $sql)) {
    die("Can't prepare '$sql': " . pg_last_error());
  }
  $rs = pg_execute($sqlName, array(1));
  do whatever you want with $rs and finally
  $sql = sprintf(
    'DEALLOCATE "%s"',
    pg_escape_string($sqlName)
  );
  if(!pg_query($sql)) {
    die("Can't query '$sql': " . pg_last_error());
  }
scott dot marlowe at gmail dot com 06-Mar-2006 07:20
Note that if you are preparing a query with an in clause with a list of items, you will need to prepare each item separately.

$result = pg_prepare($dbconn, "my_query", 'SELECT * FROM shops WHERE name IN($1,$2,$3)');

$result = pg_execute($dbconn, "my_query", array("coffee", "beer", "hard"));

This means that you can't just prepare a query with an arbitrary in() list.
david at fetter dot org 16-Apr-2005 08:33
SQL is often a complicated piece of code by itself, so you may wish put it inside a "here doc."  This will help you read it wherever it appears and test it by itself via a command-line or gui client.

$sql = <<<SQL
SELECT a.foo, b.bar, c.baz
FROM
    table_a a
LEFT JOIN
    table_b b
ON (
    a.a_id = b.a_id
)
JOIN
    table_c c
ON (
    b.c_id = c.c_id
)
WHERE c.name = $1
SQL;

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