php教程

posix_mkfifo

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

posix_mkfifo — Create a fifo special file (a named pipe)

说明

posix_mkfifo ( string $pathname , int $mode ) : bool

posix_mkfifo() creates a special FIFO file which exists in the file system and acts as a bidirectional communication endpoint for processes.

参数

pathname

Path to the FIFO file.

mode

The second parameter mode has to be given in octal notation (e.g. 0644). The permission of the newly created FIFO also depends on the setting of the current umask(). The permissions of the created file are (mode & ~umask).

返回值

成功时返回 TRUE， 或者在失败时返回 FALSE。

注释

Note: 当启用 安全模式时， PHP 会检查被操作的文件或目录是否与被执行的脚本有相同的 UID（所有者）。

User Contributed Notes

Mauro Titimoli 30-Dec-2009 05:36
Object Oriented FIFO Communication process:

<?php
interface Communication {
    public function receive($bytes = 1024);

    public function getData();

    public function clearData();

    public function send($data);
}

class FIFOCommunication implements Communication {
    private $fifos;

    private $data;

    static public function stream_fifo_open($fifoPath, $mode) {
        if (pcntl_fork() == 0) {
            if (! file_exists($fifoPath)) {
                posix_mkfifo($fifoPath, $mode);
            }

            $fifo = fopen($fifoPath, 'w');
            sleep(1);

            exit(0);
        }
        else {
            usleep(15);

            return fopen($fifoPath, 'r');
        }
    }

    static public function stream_fifo_write($fifoPath, $mode, $data) {
        if (pcntl_fork() == 0) {
            if (! file_exists($fifoPath)) {
                posix_mkfifo($fifoPath, $mode);
            }

            $fifo = fopen($fifoPath, 'w');

            fwrite($fifo, $data);

            exit(0);
        }
    }

    public function __construct(
        $fifoInputName, $fifoInputMode,
        $fifoOutputName, $fifoOutputMode
    ) {
        $this->fifos = array(
            'input' => array(
                'file' => self::stream_fifo_open($fifoInputName, $fifoInputMode),
                'mode' => $fifoInputMode,
                'name' => $fifoInputName,
                'use' => 'r',
            ),
            'output' => array(
                'mode' => $fifoOutputMode,
                'name' => $fifoOutputName,
                'use' => 'w'
            )
        );
    }
    public function remove($type = null) {
        switch ($type) {
            case 'input':
                @unlink($this->fifos['input']['name']);
                break;

            case 'output':
                @unlink($this->fifos['output']['name']);
                break;

            default:
                @unlink($this->fifos['input']['name']);
                @unlink($this->fifos['output']['name']);
        }
    }

    public function receive($bytes = 1024) {
        $readers = array($this->fifos['input']['file']);
        if (stream_select($readers, $writers = null, $except = null, 0, 15) == 1) {
            $data = fread($this->fifos['input']['file'], $bytes);
        }

        if (! empty($data)) {
            $this->data .= $data;
            return true;
        }
        else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public function getData() {
        return $this->data;
    }

    public function clearData() {
        $this->data = null;
    }

    public function send($data) {
        $fifoOutput = & $this->fifos['output'];
        self::stream_fifo_write($fifoOutput['name'], $fifoOutput['mode'], $data);
    }
}

$fifoCommunication = new FIFOCommunication(
    getmypid() . '.input', 0600,
    getmypid() . '.output', 0600
);

echo "COMMUNICATION STARTED\n";

while (true) {
    if ($fifoCommunication->receive()) {
        $data = $fifoCommunication->getData();
        if ($data == "EXIT\n") {
            break;
        }
        else {
            $fifoCommunication->send('RECEIVED: ' . $fifoCommunication->getData());
        }
    }

    sleep(1);
}

$fifoComunication->remove();
?>
tim 17-Mar-2009 10:00
For non-blocking, fopen'd read access to a "half-connected" pipe (created with /usr/bin/mkfifo, posix_mkfifo, etc.), I just go ahead and do:
<?php
  $fh=fopen($fifo, "r+"); // ensures at least one writer (us) so will be non-blocking
  stream_set_blocking($fh, false); // prevent fread / fwrite blocking
?>

The "r+" allows fopen to return immediately regardless of external  writer channel.  You then have to use your own conventions to track $fh as a pseudo-read-only resource, since fwrite would technically be permitted as well.  I've successfully used this approach on Linux with PHP 4.3.10 and PHP 5.2.4 with both half-connected (no writer yet) and pre-connected (writer already waiting) pipes, polling with stream_select as usual.
mike at easystyle dot org 14-Oct-2008 05:06
Couldn't you just open up a writer yourself right after you open up a reader?  Just to be sure that you won't have any blocking issues...
TorokAlpar at Gmail dot com 05-Apr-2008 12:11
Here is a possible solution to what  - tech at kwur dot com- mentioned:

 I faced the problem where i had a process (a server) that needed to take care of socket connection, and in the meanwhile get some data from the database. I didn't wanted to make the clients wait for the query execution time, so i decided to make a separate process that executes the query on the DB, and the two would communicate over a pipe. Of course i didn't wanted the server blocking if no data was available. So what i come up with is to use stream_select() , and to overcome the mentioned problem, i would fork the process, open up the pipe for writing in the child, this way the parent won't block when it opens the pipe.

here is some code

<code>

<?php

if (pcntl_fork() == 0)
{
    // kid
    $file = fopen("JobsQueue","w");
    sleep(1);
    exit(0);  
}
else
{
    usleep(15); // make sure that the child executes first
    $file = fopen("JobsQueue","r");
}

 echo "opened the queue \n";
 
 while (true)
 {
     $reders = array($file);
     if (stream_select($reders,$writers=null,$except=null,0,15) < 1)
     {
         continue;
     }
     else
     {
         // read data from the fifo
         $data = fread($file,1024);
         echo $data;
     }         
     sleep(1);
 }

?>

</code>
tech at kwur dot com 19-Sep-2007 10:44
This is still not a solution: if I listen to commands on a pipe and output status on a separate pipe, PHP will block on both opens because something else has not already connected to this pipe.  Because I can't do a low-level fcntl() to to set O_NONBLOCK or something like it, this always locks up and is really stupid.  The only way I can get it to work is to spawn seperate subshells with system() and have them cat, or echo respectively and then the pipes work properly...usually?  Its alot of trouble that we can't set the blocking on the open!!
Enric Jaen 16-Aug-2007 09:22
A way to have a non-blocking pipe reader is to check first if the pipe exists. If so, then read from the pipe, otherwise do other stuff. This will work assuming that the writer creates the pipe, writes on it, and after that deletes the pipe.

This is a blocking writer:

<?php
   $pipe="/tmp/pipe";
   $mode=0600;
   if(!file_exists($pipe)) {
      // create the pipe
      umask(0);
      posix_mkfifo($pipe,$mode);
   }
   $f = fopen($pipe,"w");
   fwrite($f,"hello");  //block until there is a reader
   unlink($pipe); //delete pipe

?>

And this is the non-blocking reader:

<?php
   $pipe="/tmp/pipe";
   if(!file_exists($pipe)) {
      echo "I am not blocked!";
   }
   else {
      //block and read from the pipe
      $f = fopen($pipe,"r");
      echo fread($f,10);
   }
?>
Uther Pendragon 18-May-2007 02:12
Note (quoted from `man 7 pipe` on debian linux):

"On some systems (but not Linux), pipes are bidirectional:  data  can  be  transmitted  in  both directions  between  the pipe ends.  According to POSIX.1-2001, pipes only need to be unidirectional.  Portable applications should avoid reliance on bidirectional pipe semantics."

Linux pipes are NOT bidirectional.

Also, it appears to me that the use of fifo (named) pipes in php is pretty pointless as there appears to be NO way of determining whether opening (let alone reading) from it will block.  stream_select SHOULD be able to accomplish this, unfortunatly you cannot get to this point because even trying to OPEN a pipe for read will block until there is a writer.

I even tried to use popen("cat $name_of_pipe", 'r'), and even it blocked until it was opened for write by another process.

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