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strspn

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

strspn — 计算字符串中全部字符都存在于指定字符集合中的第一段子串的长度。

说明

strspn ( string $subject , string $mask [, int $start [, int $length ]] ) : int

返回 subject 中全部字符仅存在于 mask 中的第一组连续字符(子字符串)的长度。

如果省略了 start 和 length 参数，则检查整个 subject 字符串；如果指定了这两个参数，则效果等同于调用 strspn(substr($subject, $start, $length), $mask)（更多信息，参见 substr ）。

代码行：


<?php
$var = strspn("42 is the answer to the 128th question.", "1234567890");
?>

$var 将被指派为 2，因为 '42' 是 subject 中第一段全部字符都存在于 '1234567890' 的连续字符。

参数

subject

待检查的字符串。

mask

检查字符列表。

start

subject 的开始检查位置。

如果 start 被设置并且是非负的，strspn() 将从 subject 的第 start 个位置开始检查。例如，在字符串 'abcdef' 中，第 0 个位置的字符是 'a'，第二个位置的字符是 'c'，等等。

如果 start 被设置并且为负数，strspn() 将从 subject 的尾部倒数第 start 个位置开始检查 subject。

length

subject 中检查的长度。

如果 length 被设置并且为非负数，那么将从起始位置开始，检查 subject 的 length 个长度的字符。

如果 length 被设置并且为负数，那么将从起始位置开始，直到从 subject 尾部开始第 length 个位置，对 subject 进行检查。

返回值

返回 str1 中第一段全部字符都存在于 str2 范围的字符串的长度。

更新日志

版本	说明
4.3.0	新增 `start` 和 `length` 参数。

范例

Example #1 strspn() 范例


<?php
echo strspn("foo", "o", 1, 2); // 打印: 2
?>

以上例程会输出：

int(0)
int(2)
int(1)

注释

Note: 此函数可安全用于二进制对象。

参见

strcspn() - 获取不匹配遮罩的起始子字符串的长度

User Contributed Notes

nino dot skopac at gmail dot com 07-Feb-2018 06:59


strspon and preg_match seem to be equally fast for validating numbers:



<?php



$testValInvalid = 'foobar123^^';

$testValValid = '12346';

$allowedChars = '1234567890';



$t1 = microtime(true);

for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++) {

    assert(strspn($testValInvalid, $allowedChars) != strlen($testValInvalid));

    assert(strspn($testValValid, $allowedChars) == strlen($testValValid));

}

print 'Time taken for strspon: ' . (microtime(true) - $t1);

print PHP_EOL;



$t1 = microtime(true);

for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++) {

    assert(preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $testValInvalid) === 0);

    assert(preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $testValValid));

}



print 'Time taken for preg_match: ' . (microtime(true) - $t1);

print PHP_EOL;



/**

nino-mcb:hosp_web ninoskopac$ php test.php

Time taken for strspon: 3.24165391922

Time taken for preg_match: 3.1820080280304

nino-mcb:hosp_web ninoskopac$ php test.php

Time taken for strspon: 3.1806418895721

Time taken for preg_match: 3.2244551181793

 */

?>

bob at example dot com 05-Jun-2012 03:37


Quick way to check if a string consists entirely of characters within the mask is to compare strspn with strlen eg:





<?php


$path = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];


if (strspn($path,'/') == strlen($path)) {


    //PATH_INFO is empty


}


?>

mrsohailkhan at gmail dot com 01-Feb-2011 12:56


very dificult to get from the definition directly, while i search for that,i came to know that





strspn() will tell you the length of a string consisting entirely of the set of characters in accept set. That is, it starts walking down str until it finds a character that is not in the set (that is, a character that is not to be accepted), and returns the length of the string so far. 





and 





strcspn() works much the same way, except that it walks down str until it finds a character in the reject set (that is, a character that is to be rejected.) It then returns the length of the string so far.





<?php


$acceptSet = "aeiou";


$rejectSet  = "y";





$str1 ="a banana";


$str2 ="the bolivian navy on manuvers in the south pacific";





echo $n = strspn($str1,$acceptSet);// $n == 1, just "a"





echo $n = strcspn($str2,$rejectSet);// n = 16, "the bolivian nav"


?>





hope this example will help in understanding the concept of strspn() and strcspn().

AT-HE (at_he.hotmail) 28-Nov-2010 02:45


you can use this function with strlen to check illegal characters, string lenght must be the same than strspn (characters from my string contained in another)



<?php



$digits='0123456789';



if (strlen($phone) != strspn($phone,$digits))

 echo "illegal characters";



?>

Dmitry Mazur 04-Mar-2009 10:23


The second parameter is a set of allowed characters.

strspn will return an zero-based index of a first non-allowed character.

barry dot balkowski at gmail dot com 08-Aug-2008 02:12


It took me some time to understand the way this function works...

I've compiled my own explanation with my own words that is more understandable for me personally than the official one or those that can be found in different tutorials on the web.

Perhaps, it will save someone several minutes...



<?php 

strspn(string $haystack, string $char_list [, int $start [, int $length]])

?>



The way it works:

 -   searches for a segment of $haystack that consists entirely from supplied through the second argument chars 

 -   $haystack must start from one of the chars supplied through $char_list, otherwise the function will find nothing

 -   as soon as the function encounters a char that was not mentioned in $chars it understands that the segment is over and stops (it doesn't search for the second, third and so on segments)

 -   finally, it measures the segment's length and return it (i.e. length)



In other words it finds a span (only the first one) in the string that consists entirely form chars supplied in $chars_list and returns its length

B Crawford 02-Oct-2007 05:20


This function is significantly faster for checking illegal characters than the equivalent preg_match() method.

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strspn

说明

参数

返回值

更新日志

范例

注释

参见

User Contributed Notes

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