php教程

strtoupper

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

strtoupper将字符串转化为大写

说明

strtoupper ( string $string ) : string

string 中所有的字母字符转换为大写并返回。

注意 "字母" 与当前所在区域有关。例如,在默认的 "C" 区域,字符 umlaut-a(?)就不会被转换。

参数

string

输入字符串。

返回值

返回转换后的大写字符串。

范例

Example #1 strtoupper() 范例

<?php
$str 
"Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str strtoupper($str);
echo 
$str// 打印 MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
?>

注释

Note: 此函数可安全用于二进制对象。

参见

User Contributed Notes

chris at ocproducts dot com 28-Jul-2019 01:08
This function has a real challenge when it comes to Turkish. In Turkish the ASCII letter 'i' uppercases to a non-ASCII character. This means that PHP cannot upper case it.

i.e. for the Turkish locale, strtoupper('i')=='i'

This can mess with basic program logic.

There's no simple solution. The core problem is discussed more here:
http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/turkish-i18n.html
Dave 24-Jan-2018 07:55
Why this function isn't just named "uppercase" or has an alias named that, I don't know.
uilmind at favor.com.ua 09-Jul-2016 10:36
Here is how to make the character in upper case, except HTML-entities:

$s = substr(preg_replace('/(?<=^|;)(.+?)(?=&[0-9A-Za-z]+;|$)/e', "strtoupper('$1')", ' '.$s), 1);

There is small kludge, however. Unfortunately I tired to find out the way how to exclude HTML-entity at the start of the line, so I have added 1 dummy character at the start of the text and removing it after the conversion.
adriaanse06 at hotmail dot com 28-Jul-2015 11:51
$ther=''.THEREISALREADYA.' '.CONCEPT.' '.SAVED.' ';
or
$ther="There Is all ready A concept SAVED";

$fupper=substr("$ther",0,1);
pick the first char

$theru = strtoupper($fupper);
make it upper

$flower=substr("$ther",1,100);
pick the rest

$therl = strtolower($flower);
make them lower

Result:
There is all ready a concept saved
andre at koethur dot de 10-Jun-2013 08:28
One might think that setting the correct locale would do the trick with for example german umlauts, but this is not the case. You have to use mb_strtoupper() instead:

<?php

setlocale
(LC_CTYPE, 'de_DE.UTF8');

echo
strtoupper('Umlaute ??ü in uppercase'); // outputs "UMLAUTE ??ü IN UPPERCASE"
echo mb_strtoupper('Umlaute ??ü in uppercase', 'UTF-8'); // outputs "UMLAUTE ??ü IN UPPERCASE"

?>
james at snasta dot ie 10-Nov-2011 06:44
In the Irish language certain initial mutations can never be capitalized — the following simple function can be used to capitalize text in Irish.

i.e. Muintir na héireann -> MUINTIR NA héIREANN

<?php
function strtoupper_ga($a) {
    return
strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
     
" MB" => " mB",
     
" GC" => " gC",
     
" ND" => " nD",
     
" BHF" => " bhF",
     
" NG" => " nG",
     
" BP" => " bP",
     
" DT" => " dT",
     
" HA" => " hA",
     
" HE" => " hE",
     
" HI" => " hI",
     
" HO" => " hO",
     
" HU" => " hU",
     
" Há" => " há",
     
" Hé" => " hé",
     
" Hí" => " hí",
     
" Hó" => " hó",
     
" Hú" => " hú"
   
));
}
?>
smieat 01-May-2010 04:39
perfect solutions for turkish utf-8 (including i I conversations):

<?php
function strtolowertr($metin){
    return
mb_convert_case(str_replace('I','?',$metin), MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
}

function
strtouppertr($metin){
    return
mb_convert_case(str_replace('i','?',$metin), MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
}

function
ucwordstr($metin) {
    return
ltrim(mb_convert_case(str_replace(array(' I',' ?', ' ?', ' i'),array(' I',' I',' ?',' ?'),' '.$metin), MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8"));
}

function
ucfirsttr($metin) {
   
$metin = in_array(crc32($metin[0]),array(1309403428, -797999993, 957143474)) ? array(strtouppertr(substr($metin,0,2)),substr($metin,2)) : array(strtouppertr($metin[0]),substr($metin,1));
return
$metin[0].$metin[1];
}
?>
chris at table4 dot com 19-Jan-2009 07:31
Simple function to change the case of your string and any accented html characters contained within it.

Inspired by fullUpper(), by silent at gmx dot li... just a little bit more atomic.

<?php

function convertCase($str, $case = 'upper')
{
//yours, courtesy of table4.com  :)
 
switch($case)
  {
    case
"upper" :
    default:
     
$str = strtoupper($str);
     
$pattern = '/&([A-Z])(UML|ACUTE|CIRC|TILDE|RING|';
     
$pattern .= 'ELIG|GRAVE|SLASH|HORN|CEDIL|TH);/e';
     
$replace = "'&'.'\\1'.strtolower('\\2').';'"; //convert the important bit back to lower
   
break;
   
    case
"lower" :
     
$str = strtolower($str);
    break;
  }
 
 
$str = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $str);
  return
$str;
}
?>

Depending on what you are trying to achieve you would call like this:

<?php

//with entities...
$str = convertCase(htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES, "ISO-8859-1"));

?>
spaceman at foo dot at 17-Apr-2008 09:59
It has been mentioned in a previous comment that all you need to do to let PHP's strtoupper() do the conversion - instead of writing more or less complicated functions yourself - is to specify the locale in which you're doing the case conversion:

<?php setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_AT") ?>

It is important to note that setlocale() will silently fail if it can't find the specified locale on your system, so *always* check its return value. Try different spellings: using "de_AT" as an example, there are various combinations that may or may not work for you: "de", "de_AT.utf8", "de_AT.iso-8859-1", "de_AT.latin1", "de_AT@euro", etc).

If you can't find an appropriate locale setting, check your system configuration (locales are a system-wide setting, PHP gets them from the OS). On Windows, locales can be set from the Control Panel; on Linux it depends on your distribution. You can try "sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales" on Debian-based distros, or configure them manually. On Ubuntu Dapper, I had to copy entries over from /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED to /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local, then do the dpkg-reconfigure.

After you're done, restart the web server.

That said, there are special cases where you want to do the conversion manually. In German, for example, the letter '?' (szlig) only exists as a lower-case character, and so doesn't get converted by strtoupper. The convential way to express a '?' in an uppercase string is "SS". This function will take care of this exception (for Latin1 and most of Latin9, at least):

<?php

define
("LATIN1_UC_CHARS", "àá??????èéê?ìí??D?òó????ùú?üY");
define("LATIN1_LC_CHARS", "àáa?????èéê?ìí??e?òó????ùú?üy");

function
uc_latin1 ($str) {
   
$str = strtoupper(strtr($str, LATIN1_LC_CHARS, LATIN1_UC_CHARS));
    return
strtr($str, array("?" => "SS"));
}

?>
Oliv. 11-Oct-2007 07:20
accents convertion trick :

<?php
       
   
function ucfirstHTMLentity($matches){
        return
"&".ucfirst(strtolower($matches[1])).";";
    }
    function
fullUpper($str){
       
$subject = strtoupper(htmlentities($str, null, 'UTF-8'));
       
$pattern = '/&([A-Z]+);/';
        return
preg_replace_callback($pattern, "ucfirstHTMLentity", $subject);
    }

        print
fullUpper($_REQUEST["txt"]);
   
?>
RUNET 17-Apr-2007 05:33
Russian

function str_to_upper($str){
    return strtr($str,
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
    "\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5".
    "\xb8\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea".
    "\xeb\xeC\xeD\xeE\xeF\xf0".
    "\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6".
    "\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfA\xfB\xfC".
    "\xfD\xfE\xfF",
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
    "\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5".
    "\xA8\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA".
    "\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0".
    "\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6".
    "\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC".
    "\xDD\xDE\xDF");
}
bart at insane dot at 10-May-2006 04:31
When using UTF-8 and need to convert to uppercase with
special characters like the german ?,?,ü (didn't test for french,polish,russian but think it should work, too) try this:

function strtoupper_utf8($string){
    $string=utf8_decode($string);
    $string=strtoupper($string);
    $string=utf8_encode($string);
    return $string;
}
30-May-2005 06:11
// 2005/5/30 Justin
    // Chinese_Traditional toupper
    function CT_to_upper($string)
    {       
        $isChineseStart = false;
       
          $new_string = "";
         $i = 0;
          while($i < strlen($string))
          {                  
               if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
               {
                   if( $isChineseStart == false )
                       $new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
                   else      
                       $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
               }
               else
               {
                   if( $isChineseStart == false )
                       $isChineseStart = true;
                   else
                       $isChineseStart = false;                      
                    
                     $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
               }
               $i++;
          }
          return $new_string;         
    }
    //
willyann at gmail dot com 24-May-2005 09:31
chinese

function to_upper($string) {
  $new_string = "";
  $i = 0;
  while($i < strlen($string)) {
   if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
   {
     $new_string .= strtoupper(substr($string,$i,1));
     $i++;
   } else {
     $new_string .= substr($string,$i,2);
     $i=$i+2;
   }
  }
  return $new_string;
}
30-Oct-2004 03:23
If you only need to extend the conversion by the characters of a certain language, it's possible to control this using an environment variable to change the locale:

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_DE");
mec at stadeleck dot org 02-Dec-2002 06:54
something I myself first not thought about:
if there are any html entities (named entities) in your string, strtoupper will turn all letters within this entities to upper case, too. So if you want to manipulate a string with strtoupper it should contain only unicode entities (if ever).

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