php教程

PHP 标记

当解析一个文件时,PHP 会寻找起始和结束标记,也就是 <?php?>,这告诉 PHP 开始和停止解析二者之间的代码。此种解析方式使得 PHP 可以被嵌入到各种不同的文档中去,而任何起始和结束标记之外的部分都会被 PHP 解析器忽略。

PHP 也允许使用短标记 <??>,但不鼓励使用。只有通过激活 php.ini 中的 short_open_tag 配置指令或者在编译 PHP 时使用了配置选项 --enable-short-tags 时才能使用短标记。

如果文件内容是纯 PHP 代码,最好在文件末尾删除 PHP 结束标记。这可以避免在 PHP 结束标记之后万一意外加入了空格或者换行符,会导致 PHP 开始输出这些空白,而脚本中此时并无输出的意图。

<?php
echo "Hello world";

// ... more code

echo "Last statement";

// 脚本至此结束,并无 PHP 结束标记

User Contributed Notes

kuzawinski dot marcin at gmail dot com 15-Jun-2019 07:26
New lines placed after PHP closing tags are ignored;

<?= "A"?>
B
<?= "C"?>

Output:
AB
C
pl at dot pl 15-Mar-2019 01:16
Omit closing tag ?> always whenever you can

example:
<!DOCTYPE html><head>
<title><?php include'varia.php'; echo$title?></title>
</head><body></body></html>

varia.php
<?php
$title
= 'Welcome';
?>
[new line]        //other words: an extra 'Enter' is guilty
---------------

and you get:

?Welcome - at the browser label

source won't tell you what happened - there will be fine:

<!DOCTYPE html><head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head><body></body></html>

Now imagine, what else can go wrong because of it? Everything, as Murphy said.
And you will look for the answer why...? And where...?
It's just simplest example.
Mark Clements (kennel17.co.uk) 15-Apr-2018 10:06
Closing PHP tags are recognised within single-line comments:

    <?php
   
// Code will end here ?> This is output as literal text.

    <?php
   
# Same with this method of commenting ?> This is output as literal text.

However they do not have an effect in C-style comments:

    <?php
   
/* Code will not end here ?> as closing tags are ignored inside C-style comments. */
   
?>
crazytonyi at gmail dot com 12-Feb-2016 10:49
Regarding earlier note by @purkrt :

> I would like to stress out that the opening tag is "<?php[whitespace]", not just "<?php"

This is absolutely correct, but the wording may confuse some developers less familiar with the extent of the term "[whitespace]".

Whitespace, in this context, would be any character that generated vertical or horizontal space, including tabs ( \t ), newlines ( \n ), and carriage returns ( \r ), as well as a space character ( \s ). So reusing purkrt's example:

<?php/*blah*/ echo "a"?>

would not work, as mentioned, but :

<?php /*php followed by space*/ echo "a"?>

will work, as well as :

<?php
/*php followed by end-of-line*/ echo "a"?>

and :

<?php    /*php followed by tab*/ echo "a"?>

I just wanted to clarify this to prevent anyone from misreading purkrt's note to mean that a the opening tag --even when being on its own line--required a space ( \s ) character. The following would work but is not at all necessary or how the earlier comment should be interpreted :

<?php
/*php followed by a space and end-of-line*/ echo "a"?>

The end-of-line character is whitespace, so it is all that you would need.

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