php教程

dir

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

dir返回一个 Directory 类实例

说明

dir ( string $directory [, resource $context ] ) : Directory

以面向对象的方式访问目录。打开 directory 参数指定的目录。

参数

directory

被打开的目录

context

Note: 在 PHP 5.0.0 中增加了对上下文(Context)的支持。有关上下文(Context)的说明参见 Streams

返回值

成功的话,返回一个 Directory 类实例, 参数错误的情况下返回 NULL , 其它错误情况返回 FALSE

范例

Example #1 dir() 示例

请特别注意下面示例中 Directory::read() 函数返回值的判断方式。 我们严格测试(值相等,并且类型相同,请参考 比较运算符 )返回值等于 FALSE ,因为有些情况下,目录名可能"等于" FALSE ,导致 跳出循环。

<?php
$d 
dir("/etc/php5");
echo 
"Handle: " $d->handle "\n";
echo 
"Path: " $d->path "\n";
while (
false !== ($entry $d->read())) {
   echo 
$entry."\n";
}
$d->close();
?>

以上例程的输出类似于:

Handle: Resource id #2
Path: /etc/php5
.
..
apache
cgi
cli

注释

Note:

目录条目返回的顺序依赖于系统。

User Contributed Notes

synnus at gmail dot com 08-Jun-2018 01:06
<?php

// use $entry[0] != '.'  to detect if it's '..' or '.'

$d = dir('.');
echo
"Pointeur : " . $d->handle . "<br/>\n";
echo
"Chemin : " . $d->path . "<br/>\n";
while (
false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
  
   if(
$entry[0] != '.' ) {
        echo  .
"<br/>\n";
   }
  
}
$d->close()

?>
synnus at gmail dot com 19-Apr-2016 01:52
<?php
 
// best small recurcive dir()
 // $entry[0]!='.'  <=== specifically to protect FTP files with a  dot '.' as first  carractère
 // return :
 // download\file\text\test.txt;
 // download\video\anime\test.mp4;
 // download\video\film\test2.mkv;

 
echo rdir('download'); // start dir in \\download

 
function rdir($path='',$k='') {   
   
$d = dir($path);
        while (
false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
            if(
$entry[0]!='.') {
                if(
is_dir($path . '\\' . $entry)) {
                   
$k = rdir($k,$path . '\\' . $entry);
                }
                else {
                   
$k .= $path . '\\' . $entry . "; \n" ;
                }
               
            }
        }
   
$d->close();   
    return
$k;   
 }

?>
Alex A. 02-Aug-2011 05:27
<?PHP     
/*Simple, good looking recursive function for printing directories.
Just copy/paste and it is ready to go!*/

function printCurrentDirRecursively($originDirectory, $printDistance=0){
   
   
// just a little html-styling
   
if($printDistance==0)echo '<div style="color:#35a; font-family:Verdana; font-size:11px;">';
   
$leftWhiteSpace = "";
    for (
$i=0; $i < $printDistance; $i++)  $leftWhiteSpace = $leftWhiteSpace."&nbsp;";
   
   
   
$CurrentWorkingDirectory = dir($originDirectory);
    while(
$entry=$CurrentWorkingDirectory->read()){
        if(
$entry != "." && $entry != ".."){
            if(
is_dir($originDirectory."\\".$entry)){
                echo
$leftWhiteSpace."<b>".$entry."</b><br>\n";
               
printCurrentDirRecursively($originDirectory."\\".$entry, $printDistance+2);
             }
            else{
                echo
$leftWhiteSpace.$entry."<br>\n";
            }
        }
    }
   
$CurrentWorkingDirectory->close();
   
    if(
$printDistance==0)echo "</div>";
}

//TEST IT!
printCurrentDirRecursively(getcwd());

?>
GUILLE@GARGANO 18-Jan-2011 09:17
to get a dir of http://www.example.com/directory

<?php
function remotedir($dir)
{
 
$dir = str_replace(" ", "%20", html_entity_decode($dir));
  if ((
$rh = fopen($dir, 'rb')) === FALSE) { return false; }
 
$i = 0;
  while (!
feof($rh)) {
    
$archivos = fgetss($rh);
    
$directorio[$i++] = trim( substr($archivos,1,strpos($archivos," ",1)) );
  }
 
fclose($rh);
  return
$directorio;
}
?>
emanueledelgrande at email dot it 01-Oct-2009 06:14
When creating custom solutions, use predefined PHP constants to shorten your code and improve performances:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.constants.php

For example, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR may replace a function in which you check PHP_OS to set if the directory separator is "/" or "\\".

Cheers.
sojka at online-forum dot net 20-Oct-2008 03:47
That's the way, I'm storing recursive dirs to an array.

<?php
public static function getTreeFolders($sRootPath = UPLOAD_PATH_PROJECT, $iDepth = 0) {
     
$iDepth++;
     
$aDirs = array();
     
$oDir = dir($sRootPath);
      while((
$sDir = $oDir->read()) !== false) {
        if(
$sDir != '.' && $sDir != '..' && is_dir($sRootPath.$sDir)) {
         
$aDirs[$iDepth]['sName'][] = $sDir;
         
$aDirs[$iDepth]['aSub'][]  = self::getTreeFolders($sRootPath.$sDir.'/',$iDepth);
        }
      }
     
$oDir->close();
      return empty(
$aDirs) ? false : $aDirs;
}
?>
manuel at buschmanuel dot de 07-Feb-2008 02:45
Here my solution how to do effective recursiv directory listing.

Have fun.

<?php

/**
 * example of use:
 */
$d = new RecDir("/etc/",false);
echo
"Path: " . $d->getRootPath() . "\n";
while (
false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
   echo
$entry."\n";
}
$d->close();

class
RecDir
{
   protected
$currentPath;
   protected
$slash;
   protected
$rootPath;
   protected
$recursiveTree;  

   function
__construct($rootPath,$win=false)
   {
      switch(
$win)
      {
         case
true:
           
$this->slash = '\\';
            break;
         default:
           
$this->slash = '/';
      }
     
$this->rootPath = $rootPath;
     
$this->currentPath = $rootPath;
     
$this->recursiveTree = array(dir($this->rootPath));
     
$this->rewind();
   }

   function
__destruct()
   {
     
$this->close();
   }

   public function
close()
   {
      while(
true === ($d = array_pop($this->recursiveTree)))
      {
        
$d->close();
      }
   }

   public function
closeChildren()
   {
      while(
count($this->recursiveTree)>1 && false !== ($d = array_pop($this->recursiveTree)))
      {
        
$d->close();
         return
true;
      }
      return
false;
   }

   public function
getRootPath()
   {
      if(isset(
$this->rootPath))
      {
         return
$this->rootPath;
      }
      return
false;
   }

   public function
getCurrentPath()
   {
      if(isset(
$this->currentPath))
      {
         return
$this->currentPath;
      }
      return
false;
   }
  
   public function
read()
   {
      while(
count($this->recursiveTree)>0)
      {
        
$d = end($this->recursiveTree);
         if((
false !== ($entry = $d->read())))
         {
            if(
$entry!='.' && $entry!='..')
            {
              
$path = $d->path.$entry;
              
               if(
is_file($path))
               {
                  return
$path;
               }
               elseif(
is_dir($path.$this->slash))
               {
                 
$this->currentPath = $path.$this->slash;
                  if(
$child = @dir($path.$this->slash))
                  {
                    
$this->recursiveTree[] = $child;
                  }
               }
            }
         }
         else
         {
           
array_pop($this->recursiveTree)->close();
         }
      }
      return
false;
   }

   public function
rewind()
   {
     
$this->closeChildren();
     
$this->rewindCurrent();
   }

   public function
rewindCurrent()
   {
      return
end($this->recursiveTree)->rewind();
   }
}
?>
cf at chronofish dot com 25-Jun-2007 03:23
The dir Class, from what I can tell, on a Windows box is not a  live image of the directory.  When the class is instantiated it takes a snapshot of the directory and then the iterator works off that.

I may be wrong, but when I run two processes that look to see if a directory exists, and then deletes the dir when some processing takes place.  Deletes from one process do not effect the iteration of the second.

To get around this I check that the file exists before doing my processing:

$d = dir($dataDir);
while (false !== ($entry = $d->read()))
if ($entry != '..' && $entry != '.' && file_exists("$dataDir\\$entry"))
{
    // do stuff
}
$d->close();

I run this as a batch process and can activate it multiple times to process the directory listing in parallel.

-CF
thomas at hawkes dot ca 31-Jan-2007 06:10
With SPL, you could recursively list all of the folders inside the current directory like this:

<?php
$it
= new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('./');

// RecursiveIteratorIterator accepts the following modes:
//     LEAVES_ONLY = 0  (default)
//     SELF_FIRST  = 1
//     CHILD_FIRST = 2
foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($it, 2) as $path) {

    if (
$path->isDir()) {

        echo
"$path\n";

    }

}
?>
http://www.rooftopsolutions.nl 18-Jan-2007 09:17
<?php
 
  $i
= new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('.'));

?>

works for me..
alex at snet-group dot org 01-Oct-2006 11:55
IMHO, thats take most effect with smaller number of errors;)
 
     function get_leaf_dirs($dir)
      {
         $array = array();
         $d = @dir($dir);
         if($d)
         {
               while (false !== ($entry = $d->read()))
               {
                   if($entry!='.' && $entry!='..')
                   {
                       $entry = $dir.'/'.$entry;
                       if(is_dir($entry))
                       {
                           $subdirs = get_leaf_dirs($entry);
                           if ($subdirs)
                             $array = array_merge($array, $subdirs);
                           else
                             $array[] = $entry;
                       }
                   }
               }
               $d->close();
         }
         return $array;
      }
done_to_death at example dot com 23-Aug-2006 05:56
function directoryList($start,$win32=false){
    if($win32){
        $slash="\\";
    }else{
        $slash="/";
    }
    $basename = pathinfo($start);
    $basename = $basename['basename'];
    $ls=array();
    $dir = dir($start);
    while($item = $dir->read()){
        if(is_dir($start.$slash.$item)&& $item!="." && $item!=".."){
            $ls[$basename][]=directoryList($start.$slash.$item,$win32);
        }else{
            if($item!="."&&$item!=".."){
                $ls[$basename][]=$item;
            }
        }
    }
    return $ls;
}

$path = pathinfo(__FILE__);
$ls = directoryList($path['dirname'], true);
22-Feb-2006 01:02
Regarding samuel's comment about the dir() function not supporting Unicode properly, it's all in the encoding. The function does NOT internally change Unicode characters into question marks (?), as I was first led to believe. If you simply try to output them in UTF-8, they'll show up just right.
samuel dot l at mushicrew dot com 24-Jan-2006 10:52
Note that the dir object will use the default encoding for non-unicode programs on Windows with PHP 5.x.

So, if you have a file named with characters unsupported by the current default encoding, the dir->read() method will return a wrong entry.

<?php
/*
** This script is on the same directory than a file named with
** unsupported characters for the current default encoding.
*/
$d = dir("./");
while(
false !== ($e = $d->read()))
    echo
$e . '<br/>';
?>

This will print a "?" for every unsupported characters, and not the right file name. So take care if you check with is_file/is_dir right after enumerating.
radar at frozenplague dot net 13-Jan-2006 12:00
Regarding jaqb's post about a correction to the read_dir function, I have one small fix too if people wish to also list the directories inside this directory and read them into the same array.

<?
function read_dir($dir) {
   $array = array();
   $d = dir($dir);
   while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
       if($entry!='.' && $entry!='..') {
           $entry = $dir.'/'.$entry;
           if(is_dir($entry)) {
               $array[] = $entry;
               $array = array_merge($array, read_dir($entry));
           } else {
               $array[] = $entry;
           }
       }
   }
   $d->close();
   return $array;
}
?>
fordiman at gmail dot com 10-Jan-2006 10:15
Saw the leaf dirs bit...  quick mod:

function preg_ls ($path=".", $rec=false, $pat="/.*/") {
    $pat=preg_replace ("|(/.*/[^S]*)|s", "\\1S", $pat);
    while (substr ($path,-1,1) =="/") $path=substr ($path,0,-1);
    if (!is_dir ($path) ) $path=dirname ($path);
    if ($rec!==true) $rec=false;
    $d=dir ($path);
    $ret=Array ();
    while (false!== ($e=$d->read () ) ) {
        if ( ($e==".") || ($e=="..") ) continue;
        if ($rec && is_dir ($path."/".$e) ) {
            $ret=array_merge ($ret,preg_ls($path."/".$e,$rec,$pat));
            continue;
        }
        if (!preg_match ($pat,$e) ) continue;
        $ret[]=$path."/".$e;
    }
    return (empty ($ret) && preg_match ($pat,basename($path))) ? Array ($path."/") : $ret;
}

example:

foreach (preg_ls ("/usr/share/fluxbox", true, "/[LT]e[sa]/i") as $file) echo $file."\n";

output:

/usr/share/fluxbox/styles/Leaf/
/usr/share/fluxbox/styles/Clean
/usr/share/fluxbox/styles/Testing/
fordiman at gmail dot com 10-Jan-2006 10:05
This one's pretty nice.  After getting frustrated for hunting down .jpg files in my massive music collection (PHP would run out of memory), I thought there should be a preg_ls function.

function preg_ls ($path=".", $rec=false, $pat="/.*/") {
    // it's going to be used repeatedly, ensure we compile it for speed.
    $pat=preg_replace("|(/.*/[^S]*)|s", "\\1S", $pat);
    //Remove trailing slashes from path
    while (substr($path,-1,1)=="/") $path=substr($path,0,-1);
    //also, make sure that $path is a directory and repair any screwups
    if (!is_dir($path)) $path=dirname($path);
    //assert either truth or falsehoold of $rec, allow no scalars to mean truth
    if ($rec!==true) $rec=false;
    //get a directory handle
    $d=dir($path);
    //initialise the output array
    $ret=Array();
    //loop, reading until there's no more to read
    while (false!==($e=$d->read())) {
        //Ignore parent- and self-links
        if (($e==".")||($e=="..")) continue;
        //If we're working recursively and it's a directory, grab and merge
        if ($rec && is_dir($path."/".$e)) {
            $ret=array_merge($ret,preg_ls($path."/".$e,$rec,$pat));
            continue;
        }
        //If it don't match, exclude it
        if (!preg_match($pat,$e)) continue;
        //In all other cases, add it to the output array
        $ret[]=$path."/".$e;
    }
    //finally, return the array
    return $ret;
}

Not bad for a mere 18 lines, don't you think?

Example use:

foreach (preg_ls("/etc/X11", true, "/.*\.conf/i") as $file) echo $file."\n";

Output:

/etc/X11/xkb/README.config
/etc/X11/xorg.conf-vesa
/etc/X11/xorg.conf~
/etc/X11/gui.conf
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/xorg.conf-fbdev
Anton Backer 04-Jan-2006 07:24
i've modified the script below to get the leaf folders of any directory (folders with no subfolders).

note: this does not return the folder passed in as a parameter, even if it has no subfolders.

<?php
function get_leaf_dirs($dir) {
  
$array = array();
  
$d = dir($dir);
   while (
false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
       if(
$entry!='.' && $entry!='..') {
          
$entry = $dir.'/'.$entry;
           if(
is_dir($entry)) {
              
$subdirs = get_leaf_dirs($entry);
               if (
$subdirs)
                 
$array = array_merge($array, $subdirs);
               else
                 
$array[] = $entry;
           }
       }
   }
  
$d->close();
   return
$array;
}
?>

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