(PHP 7 >= 7.2.0)
sodium_crypto_pwhash — Derive a key from a password
$length
, string $password
, string $salt
, int $opslimit
, int $memlimit
[, int $alg
] ) : stringThis function provides low-level access to libsodium's crypto_pwhash key derivation function. Unless you have specific reason to use this function, you should use sodium_crypto_pwhash_str() or password_hash() functions instead.
lengthinteger; The length of the password hash to generate, in bytes.
passwordstring; The password to generate a hash for.
salt
string A salt to add to the password before hashing. The salt should be unpredictable, ideally generated from a good random mumber source such as random_bytes(), and have a length of at least SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_SALTBYTES bytes.
opslimit
Represents a maximum amount of computations to perform. Raising this number will make the function require more CPU cycles to compute a key. There are some constants available to set the operations limit to appropriate values depending on intended use, in order of strength: SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_OPSLIMIT_INTERACTIVE, SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_OPSLIMIT_MODERATE and SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_OPSLIMIT_SENSITIVE.
memlimit
The maximum amount of RAM that the function will use, in bytes. There are constants to help you choose an appropriate value, in order of size: SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_MEMLIMIT_INTERACTIVE, SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_MEMLIMIT_MODERATE, and SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_MEMLIMIT_SENSITIVE. Typically these should be paired with the matching opslimit values.
alg
integer A number indicating the hash algorithm to use. By default SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_ALG_DEFAULT (the currently recommended algorithm, which can change from one version of libsodium to another), or explicitly using SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_ALG_ARGON2ID13, representing the Argon2id algorithm version 1.3.
Returns the derived key, 或者在失败时返回 FALSE. The return value is a binary string of the hash, not an ASCII-encoded representation, and does not contain additional information about the parameters used to create the hash, so you will need to keep that information if you are ever going to verify the password in future. Use sodium_crypto_pwhash_str() to avoid needing to do all that.
Example #1 password_hash() example
<?php
//Need to keep the salt if we're ever going to be able to check this password
$salt = random_bytes(SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_SALTBYTES);
//Using bin2hex to keep output readable
echo bin2hex(
sodium_crypto_pwhash(
16, // == 128 bits
'password',
$salt,
SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_OPSLIMIT_INTERACTIVE,
SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_MEMLIMIT_INTERACTIVE,
SODIUM_CRYPTO_PWHASH_ALG_ARGON2ID13
)
);
?>
以上例程的输出类似于：
a18f346ba57992eb7e4ae6abf3fd30ee