php教程

DateInterval 类

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7)

简介

表示一个时间周期的类。

一个时间周期表示固定量的时间（多少年，月，天，小时等）， 也可以表示一个字符串格式的相对时间， 当表示相对时间的时候，字符串格式是 DateTime 类的构造函数所支持的格式。

类摘要

DateInterval {
/* 属性 */
public integer $y ;
public integer $m ;
public integer $d ;
public integer $h ;
public integer $i ;
public integer $s ;
public float $f ;
public integer $invert ;
public mixed $days ;
/* 方法 */
public __construct ( string $interval_spec )
public static createFromDateString ( string $time ) : DateInterval
public format ( string $format ) : string
}

属性

y

多少年。

m

多少月。

d

多少天。

h

多少小时。

i

多少分钟。

s

多少秒。

f

多少微秒。

invert

1 表示一个负的时间周期， 0 表示一个正的时间周期。 请参见： DateInterval::format().

days

如果 DateInterval 对象是由 DateTime::diff() 函数创建的， 那么它表示开始日期和结束日期之间包含了多少天。 否则，days 属性为 FALSE。

在 PHP 5.4.20/5.5.4 之前版本中，此属性不会为 FALSE， 而是 -99999。

更新日志

版本 说明
7.1.0 增加 f 属性。

Table of Contents

User Contributed Notes

ruth45007 11-Apr-2019 12:02
Just tried the code submitted earlier on php 7.2.16:

<?php
$d1=new DateTime("2012-07-08 11:14:15.638276");
$d2=new DateTime("2012-07-08 11:14:15.889342");
$diff=$d2->diff($d1);
print_r( $diff ) ;
?>

and it now DOES return microsecond differences, in the key 'f':

<?php
DateInterval Object
(
    [y] => 0
    [m] => 0
    [d] => 0
    [h] => 0
    [i] => 0
    [s] => 0
    [f] => 0.251066
    [weekday] => 0
    [weekday_behavior] => 0
    [first_last_day_of] => 0
    [invert] => 1
    [days] => 0
    [special_type] => 0
    [special_amount] => 0
    [have_weekday_relative] => 0
    [have_special_relative] => 0
)
?>
trap-phpdocs-06022017 at skvorc dot me 06-Feb-2017 06:21
IRT note below: from PHP 7.0+, split seconds get returned, too, and will be under the `f` property.
cmygind@tsccorp dot com 11-Dec-2014 02:05
You can create a series of dates starting with the first day of the week for each week, if you wish to populate list box on your web page with this date math. Use the absolute abs( ) function to convert negative numbers generated from dates in the past.
<?php
            $TwoWeeksAgo = new DateTime(date("Ymd"));
            $TwoWeeksAgo->sub(new DateInterval('P'.abs ( (7-date("N")-14)).'D'));
            $LastWeek = new DateTime(date("Ymd"));
            $LastWeek->sub(new DateInterval('P'.abs ( (7-date("N")-7)).'D'));
            $ThisWeek = new DateTime(date("Ymd"));
            $ThisWeek->add(new DateInterval('P'.abs ( (7-date("N"))).'D'));

            echo 'Start of This week is '.$ThisWeek->format('l m/d/Y').'<br/>';
            echo 'Start of Last week is '.$LastWeek->format('l m/d/Y').'<br/>';
            echo 'Start of 2 weeks ago is '.$TwosWeekAgo->format('l m/d/Y').'<br/>';
?>
0bccbf3a at opayq dot com 10-Apr-2014 05:26
invert flag is unreliable.
If you've created interval with \DateInterval::createFromDateString with value like '1 day ago' than actually days counter will be negative, and invert flag will be 0. Also, setting invert to 1 with negative units is not working.
Reliable solution to check if interval is negative is to actually apply it and compare:
<?php
    private function isNegative(\DateInterval $interval)
    {
        $now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
        $newTime = $now->add($interval);
        return $newTime < $now;
    }
?>
Also, if you want to compare some units of two intervals you should take abs() of them. Or make whole interval absolute:
<?php
    private function absInterval(\DateInterval $interval)
    {
        $now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
        $new = $now->add($interval);
        $newInt = $now->diff($new);
        if (1 === $newInt->invert) {
            $newInt->invert = 0;
        }
        return $newInt;
    }
?>
P.S.: tested on 5.5.12-dev and 5.5.9
Joan 18-Dec-2013 08:03
I had the doubt after reading this page on how to create negative intervals. So far the only solution is to create the interval and negativize it.

<?php
$date1 = new DateTime();
$eightynine_days_ago = new DateInterval( "P89D" );
$eightynine_days_ago->invert = 1; //Make it negative.
$date1->add( $eightynine_days_ago );
?>

and then $date1 is now 89 days in the past.

This information is extracted from another php comment http://www.php.net/manual/en/dateinterval.construct.php#102976 but this page seems to be the first place where people will look for it.
theDustin 08-Oct-2013 03:35
If you want to format a \DateInterval to something like you input (new \DateInterval("P3W2D")) you can use one of this:

<?php

class MyDateInterval extends \DateInterval
{

    /**
     * formating string like ISO 8601 (PnYnMnDTnHnMnS)
     */
    const INTERVAL_ISO8601 = 'P%yY%mM%dDT%hH%iM%sS';

    /**
     * formating the interval like ISO 8601 (PnYnMnDTnHnMnS)
     *
     * @return string
     */
    function __toString()
    {
        $sReturn = 'P';

        if($this->y){
            $sReturn .= $this->y . 'Y';
        }

        if($this->m){
            $sReturn .= $this->m . 'M';
        }

        if($this->d){
            $sReturn .= $this->d . 'D';
        }

        if($this->h || $this->i || $this->s){
            $sReturn .= 'T';

            if($this->h){
                $sReturn .= $this->h . 'H';
            }

            if($this->i){
                $sReturn .= $this->i . 'M';
            }

            if($this->s){
                $sReturn .= $this->s . 'S';
            }
        }

        return $sReturn;
    }
}

?>

example use:

<?php

$oDateIntervalValue = new MyDateInterval('P3M');

$sFormatResult = $oDateIntervalValue->format(MyDateInterval::INTERVAL_ICALENDAR); // "P0Y3M0DT0H0M0S"
$sToStringResult = (string) $oDateIntervalValue; // "P3M"

var_dump(new MyDateInterval($sFormatResult)); // object like $oDateIntervalValue
var_dump(new MyDateInterval($sToStringResult)); // object like $oDateIntervalValue

?>
till at php dot net 19-Sep-2013 02:18
It should be noted that the following code will not throw an exception or return false, or anything:

<?php
$interval = new \DateInterval::createFromDateString("this is not a date interval");
?>

Your best way to check if what you created is a "valid" interval, by doing something like the following:

<?php
$interval = new \DateInterval::createFromDateString("this is not a date interval");
if (0 == $interval->format('s')) {
     throw new \LogicException("Wrong interval");
 }
?>
Miller 28-Aug-2013 07:06
This DateInterval extension allows you to write a formatted timestamp but omit the "zero values" and handle things like listing, plurals, etc.
Example input: '%y year(s)', '%m month(s)', '%d day(s)', '%h hour(s)', '%i minute(s)', '%s second(s)'
Example output: 1 year, 2 months, 16 days, 1 minute, and 15 seconds
Example input: '%y a?o(s)', '%m mes(es)', '%d día(s)', '%h hora(s)', '%i minuto(s)', '%s segundo(s)'
Example output: 1 a?o, 2 meses, 16 días, 1 minuto, y 15 segundos

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);

class MyDateInterval extends DateInterval {
    public
        $pluralCheck = '()',
            // Must be exactly 2 characters long
            // The first character is the opening brace, the second the closing brace
            // Text between these braces will be used if > 1, or replaced with $this->singularReplacement if = 1
        $singularReplacement = '',
            // Replaces $this->pluralCheck if = 1
            // hour(s) -> hour
        $separator = ', ',
            // Delimiter between units
            // 3 hours, 2 minutes
        $finalSeparator = ', and ',
            // Delimeter between next-to-last unit and last unit
            // 3 hours, 2 minutes, and 1 second
        $finalSeparator2 = ' and ';
            // Delimeter between units if there are only 2 units
            // 3 hours and 2 minutes

    public static function createFromDateInterval (DateInterval $interval) {
        $obj = new self('PT0S');
        foreach ($interval as $property => $value) {
            $obj->$property = $value;
        }
        return $obj;
    }

    public function formatWithoutZeroes () {
        // Each argument may have only one % parameter
        // Result does not handle %R or %r -- but you can retrieve that information using $this->format('%R') and using your own logic
        $parts = array ();
        foreach (func_get_args() as $arg) {
            $pre = mb_substr($arg, 0, mb_strpos($arg, '%'));
            $param = mb_substr($arg, mb_strpos($arg, '%'), 2);
            $post = mb_substr($arg, mb_strpos($arg, $param)+mb_strlen($param));
            $num = intval(parent::format($param));

            $open = preg_quote($this->pluralCheck[0], '/');
            $close = preg_quote($this->pluralCheck[1], '/');
            $pattern = "/$open(.*)$close/";
            list ($pre, $post) = preg_replace($pattern, $num == 1 ? $this->singularReplacement : '$1', array ($pre, $post));

            if ($num != 0) {
                $parts[] = $pre.$num.$post;
            }
        }

        $output = '';
        $l = count($parts);
        foreach ($parts as $i => $part) {
            $output .= $part.($i < $l-2 ? $this->separator : ($l == 2 ? $this->finalSeparator2 : ($i == $l-2 ? $this->finalSeparator : '')));
        }
        return $output;
    }
}

date_default_timezone_set('America/Phoenix');

$today = new DateTime('today');
echo 'Today is ', $today->format('F d, Y h:ia'), '.<br>', PHP_EOL;
    // Today is August 28, 2013 12:00am.<br>
$expiration = new DateTime('today +1 year +2 months +16 days +1 minute +15 seconds');
echo 'Expires ', $expiration->format('F d, Y h:ia'), '.<br>', PHP_EOL;
    // Expires November 13, 2014 12:01am.<br>

$interval = MyDateInterval::createFromDateInterval($today->diff($expiration));

echo 'That is ', $interval->formatWithoutZeroes('%y year(s)', '%m month(s)', '%d day(s)', '%h hour(s)', '%i minute(s)', '%s second(s)'), ' from now.<br>', PHP_EOL;
    // That is 1 year, 2 months, 16 days, 1 minute, and 15 seconds from now.

$interval->finalSeparator = ', y ';
$interval->finalSeparator2 = ' y ';
echo 'Que es de ', $interval->formatWithoutZeroes('%y a?o(s)', '%m mes(es)', '%d día(s)', '%h hora(s)', '%i minuto(s)', '%s segundo(s)'), ' a partir de ahora.';
    // Que es de 1 a?o, 2 meses, 16 días, 1 minuto, y 15 segundos a partir de ahora.
    // Is that correct? Spanish isn't my strength....
?>
computrius 31-Jul-2013 02:32
It appears that they "days" property that is populated by \DateTime::diff does not contain a float for the differences in time.
It is rounded down to the nearest whole day.

    $d1 = new \DateTime("2013-07-31 10:29:00");
    $d2 = new \DateTime("2013-08-02 5:32:12");
    echo $d1->diff($d2)->days;

Output: 1
artur at qrupa dot com 30-Nov-2012 11:46
When using DateInterval('P3M') on 30th of November you get March instead of Ferbuary.
php at keith tyler dot com 08-Jun-2012 05:03
DateInterval does not support split seconds (microseconds or milliseconds etc.) when doing a diff between two DateTime objects that contain microseconds.

So you cannot do the following, for example:

<?php
$d1=new DateTime("2012-07-08 11:14:15.638276");
$d2=new DateTime("2012-07-08 11:14:15.889342");
$diff=$d2->diff($d1);
print_r( $diff ) ;

/* returns:

DateInterval Object
(
    [y] => 0
    [m] => 0
    [d] => 0
    [h] => 0
    [i] => 0
    [s] => 0
    [invert] => 0
    [days] => 0
)

*/
?>

You get back 0 when you actually want to get 0.251066 seconds.
p dot scheit at ps-webforge dot com 15-Mar-2011 06:07
If you want to convert a Timespan given in Seconds into an DateInterval Object you could dot the following:

<?php

$dv = new DateInterval('PT'.$timespan.'S');
?>

but wenn you look at the object, only the $dv->s property is set.

As stated in the documentation to DateInterval::format

The DateInterval::format() method does not recalculate carry over points in time strings nor in date segments. This is expected because it is not possible to overflow values like "32 days" which could be interpreted as anything from "1 month and 4 days" to "1 month and 1 day".

If you still want to calculate the seconds into hours / days / years, etc do the following:

<?php

$d1 = new DateTime();
$d2 = new DateTime();
$d2->add(new DateInterval('PT'.$timespan.'S'));
     
$iv = $d2->diff($d1);

?>

$iv is an DateInterval set with days, years, hours, seconds, etc ...

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